Sunday, December 29, 2019
French Indirect Objects and Indirect Object Pronouns
Indirect objects are the objects in a sentence to or for whom/what* the action of the verb occurs.   Im talking to Pierre.   Je parle à Pierre. To whom am I talking? To Pierre.   He buys books for the students.   Il achà ¨te des livres pour les à ©tudiants. For whom does he buy books? For the students. *For only in the sense of a recipient as in, I bought the gift for you not when it means on behalf of (he speaks for all the members). Indirect Object Pronouns Indirect object pronouns are the words that replace the indirect object, and in French, they can only refer to a person or other animate noun. The French indirect object pronouns are:   me / m   me   te / t   you   lui   him, her   nous   us   vous   you   leur   them Me and te change to m and t, respectively, in front of a vowel or mute H. When deciding between direct and indirect objects, the general rule is that if the person or thing is preceded by the preposition à  or pour, that person/thing is an indirect object. If its not preceded by a preposition, it is a direct object. If its preceded by any other preposition, it cant be replaced by an object pronoun. Like direct object pronouns, French indirect object pronouns are usually placed in front of the verb.   Im talking to him.   Je lui parle.   He buys books for them.   Il leur achà ¨te des livres.   Im giving the bread to you.   Je vous donne le pain.   She wrote to me.   Elle ma à ©crit. In English, an indirect object can be animate or inanimate. This is also true in French; however, an indirect object pronoun can replace the indirect object only when it is an animate noun: person or animal. When you have an indirect object thats not a person or animal, it can only be replaced with the adverbial pronoun y. So, pay attention to him would be fais attention à lui, but pay attention to it (e.g., the program, my explanation) would be fais-y attention. With most verbs and in most tenses and moods, when the indirect object pronoun is first or second person, it has to precede the verb:   Hes talking to me Il me parle, not Il parle à moiWhen the pronoun refers to the third person, you can use a stressed pronoun after the verb and the preposition à in order to stress the distinction between masculine and feminine:   Im talking to her Je lui parle, à elleHowever, with some verbs, the indirect object pronoun has to follow the verbâ€â€see verbs that dont allow a preceding indirect object pronoun. The imperative has different rules for word order. In French, à  plus a person can usually be replaced by an indirect object pronoun:   Jai donnà © le livre à mon frà ¨re - Je lui ai donnà © le livre.   I gave the book to my brother - I gave him the book.   Il parle à toi et à moi - Il nous parle.   Hes talking to you and me - Hes talking to us.However, a few French verbs and expressions* do not allow a preceding indirect object pronoun, and what to use instead depends on whether the indirect object pronoun is a person or a thing. When the Indirect Object Pronoun Is a Person When the indirect object is a person, you must keep the preposition à  after the verb, and follow it with a stressed pronoun:   Je pense à  mes sÅ“urs - Je pense à  elles.   Im thinking about my sisters - Im thinking about them.  Wrong: xx Je leur pense xx   Il doit shabituer à  moi. (no change)   He has to get used to me. Wrong: xx Il doit mhabituer.    Fais attention à ton prof - Fais attention à lui.   Pay attention to your teacher - Pay attention to him.  Wrong: xx Fais-lui attention xxIt is also possible, though rare, to replace the person with the adverbial pronoun y:   Je pense à  mes sÅ“urs - Jy pense.   Il doit shabituer à moi. - Il doit sy habituer.   Fais attention à ton prof - Fais-y attention. When the Indirect Object Pronoun Is a Person When the indirect object is a thing, you have two equally acceptable choices: You can either keep the preposition à  as above but follow it with an indefinite demonstrative pronoun, or you can replace the preposition and indirect object with y: Je songe à  notre jour de mariage - Je songe à  cela, Jy songe. Im dreaming about our wedding day - Im dreaming about it.    Wrong: xx Je lui songe xx    Fais attention à la leà §on - Fais attention à cela, Fais-y attention.   Pay attention to the lesson - Pay attention to it.  Wrong: xx Fais-lui attention xx   Il faut penser à tes responsabilità ©s - Il faut penser à cela, Il faut y penser.   Think about your responsibilities - Think about them. Wrong: xx Il faut lui penser xx *French Verbs and Expressions That Dont Allow a Preceding Indirect Object Pronoun en appeler to appeal to, address avoir affaire to have to deal with avoir recours to have recourse to croire to believe in tre to belong to faire allusion to allude to faire appel to appeal to, address faire attention to pay attention to shabituer to get used to penser to think of, about recourir to have recourse to renoncer to give up, renounce revenir to come back to rver to dream of songer to think, dream of tenir to be fond of, care about venir to come to
Saturday, December 21, 2019
Short Story - 828 Words
I walked stiffly for the siesta His Excellency ordered. As a part of Cos’s men I had walked 24 miles straight with no food and water His Excellency ordered us to rest. I was camping in a little camp that was by a small forest . I went to the small camp where , Manuel, Samuel, Carlos, and LopEz. The four of us were good friends. Carlos is the silent type, while Lopez is a prankster, Samuel is the Brawns and his brother Manuel is for the most part the brains. And as if to prove me wrong Manuel pulls a chunk of bread he had snagged from the rations earlier. My jaw fell open and from the looks of the others they feel the same way. Lopez’s was the first one to speak. â€Å"Where’d you get that,†he spoke with astonishment. Samuel says with a smile†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Remember the Alamo! Remember Goliad!†Soon a wave of cavalry swept past us knocking down tents and killing confused Mexican soldiers. Lopez and Manuel had already been woken up and they too held their muskets. As I got up I grabbed my musket and went beside the others and managed to get a crackshot at calvary soldier. I managed to shoot three shots before I managed to hit kill a horse before a yell came from behind me. I crane over my neck and see Luis clutching his Side. I drop my musket and go to his side. I try to stop the blood pouring out of his side but it keeps coming no matter what I do. I try to look him in the eyes but they are blank. The shock hits me hard and I look at my hands covered in his blood. Sick to my stomach somehow manage to get up and get my musket. I shoot again but the truth is obvious. We are losing. I grab Carlos’ coat and yank He looks at me and I see the fear in his eyes. â€Å"We have to leave,†I say â€Å"We’ll either die or get captured.†He looks around us and nods. He gets Manuel and Samuel and the nod grimly. We quickly reload before making a dash for the marsh. As we ran a bullet grazed my calf, but the fear of dying kept me running. Samuel is the first to make it to the marsh followed by Manuel, Carlos, and I. The stench is horrendous and Manuel gags but we continue.†Up ahead,†I yell. WeShow MoreRelatedshort story1018 Words  | 5 Pagesï » ¿Short Stories:  Characteristics †¢Short - Can usually be read in one sitting. †¢Concise:  Information offered in the story is relevant to the tale being told.  This is unlike a novel, where the story can diverge from the main plot †¢Usually tries to leave behind a single impression or effect.  Usually, though not always built around one character, place, idea, or act. †¢Because they are concise, writers depend on the reader bringing personal experiences and prior knowledge to the story. Four MajorRead MoreThe Short Stories Ideas For Writing A Short Story Essay1097 Words  | 5 Pageswriting a short story. Many a time, writers run out of these short story ideas upon exhausting their sources of short story ideas. If you are one of these writers, who have run out of short story ideas, and the deadline you have for coming up with a short story is running out, the short story writing prompts below will surely help you. Additionally, if you are being tormented by the blank Microsoft Word document staring at you because you are not able to come up with the best short story idea, youRead MoreShort Story1804 Words  | 8 PagesShort story: Definition and History. A short story like any other term does not have only one definition, it has many definitions, but all of them are similar in a general idea. According to The World Book Encyclopedia (1994, Vol. 12, L-354), â€Å"the short story is a short work of fiction that usually centers around a single incident. Because of its shorter length, the characters and situations are fewer and less complicated than those of a novel.†In the Cambridge Advanced Learner’s DictionaryRead MoreShort Stories648 Words  | 3 Pageswhat the title to the short story is. The short story theme I am going conduct on is â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty’ by James Thurber (1973). In this short story the literary elements being used is plot and symbols and the theme being full of distractions and disruption. The narrator is giving a third person point of view in sharing the thoughts of the characters. Walter Mitty the daydreamer is very humorous in the different plots of his dr ifting off. In the start of the story the plot, symbols,Read MoreShort Stories1125 Words  | 5 PagesThe themes of short stories are often relevant to real life? To what extent do you agree with this view? In the short stories â€Å"Miss Brill†and â€Å"Frau Brechenmacher attends a wedding†written by Katherine Mansfield, the themes which are relevant to real life in Miss Brill are isolation and appearance versus reality. Likewise Frau Brechenmacher suffers through isolation throughout the story and also male dominance is one of the major themes that are highlighted in the story. These themes areRead MoreShort Story and People1473 Words  | 6 Pagesï » ¿Title: Story Of An Hour Author: Kate Chopin I. On The Elements / Literary Concepts The short story Story Of An Hour is all about the series of emotions that the protagonist, Mrs. Mallard showed to the readers. With the kind of plot of this short story, it actually refers to the moments that Mrs. Mallard knew that all this time, her husband was alive. For the symbol, I like the title of this short story because it actually symbolizes the time where Mrs. Mallard died with joy. And with thatRead MoreShort Story Essay1294 Words  | 6 PagesA short story concentrates on creating a single dynamic effect and is limited in character and situation. It is a language of maximum yet economical effect. Every word must do a job, sometimes several jobs. Short stories are filled with numerous language and sound devices. These language and sound devices create a stronger image of the scenario or the characters within the text, which contribute to the overall pre-designed effect.As it is shown in the metaphor lipstick bleeding gently in CinnamonRead MoreRacism in the Short Stor ies1837 Words  | 7 PagesOften we read stories that tell stories of mixing the grouping may not always be what is legal or what people consider moral at the time. The things that you can learn from someone who is not like you is amazing if people took the time to consider this before judging someone the world as we know it would be a completely different place. The notion to overlook someone because they are not the same race, gender, creed, religion seems to be the way of the world for a long time. Racism is so prevalentRead MoreThe Idol Short Story1728 Words  | 7 PagesThe short stories â€Å"The Idol†by Adolfo Bioy Casares and â€Å"Axolotl†by Julio Cortà ¡zar address the notion of obsession, and the resulting harm that can come from it. Like all addictions, obsession makes one feel overwhelmed, as a single thought comes to continuously intruding our mind, causing the individual to not be able to ignore these thoughts. In â€Å"Axolotl†, the narr ator is drawn upon the axolotls at the Jardin des Plantes aquarium and his fascination towards the axolotls becomes an obsession. InRead MoreGothic Short Story1447 Words  | 6 Pages The End. In the short story, â€Å"Emma Barrett,†the reader follows a search party group searching for a missing girl named Emma deep in a forest in Oregon. The story follows through first person narration by a group member named Holden. This story would be considered a gothic short story because of its use of setting, theme, symbolism, and literary devices used to portray the horror of a missing six-year-old girl. Plot is the literal chronological development of the story, the sequence of events
Friday, December 13, 2019
Answers to math 230 Free Essays
1. The slope of a function at the point of its local or global maxima is zero. Explain why using an example. We will write a custom essay sample on Answers to math 230 or any similar topic only for you Order Now The slope of a function is zero at the point of its local or global maxima because of the fact that it is the point where the function is horizontal, thus the slope is really zero. For example, given a function f(x) =-x^2. The first derivative of f is -2x and equating it to zero will yield to solution x=0 which is our candidate for maximum or minimum point. Furthermore, we apply the second derivative test. The second derivative is -2 thus 0 is a local maximum. Accidentally 0 is the only local maximum thus 0 is also the global maximum of the function. At x=0, f(x) =0, which has slope of 0. 2. Show how the derivative of the function f(x) = (2x^4) (3x+2)2 can be obtained with out using the product rule. We can differentiate the given function 2x^4 (3x+2)2 without using the product rule by just simply distributing (2x^4) to the term (3x+2) giving you 6x^5+ 4x^4. Afterwards, multiply it with the constant 2, thus you have 12x^5+8x^5. Now you can solve the derivative using the simple idea of getting the derivative of function. Hence you have (12)(5)(x^5-1)+(8)(5)(x^4-1) yielding you to 60x^4+40x^3 which is the derivative of the function f. 3. Provide a discussion showing that the limit of the function, f(x) =2x^4 / (x-2) does not exist at x=2. It is possible that the limit of a given function doest not exist at a particular point. In the problem, to show that the limit of f(x) as x approaches 2 does not exist we need to get the right hand side and left hand side limit of f(x). The right hand side limit of f is positive infinity while the left hand side limit of f is negative infinity. Since they are not equal, we are forced to conclude that the limit of f(x) does not exist. Reference: What the Derivative Tells Us About a Function. Retrieved October 12 2007 from http://www.ugrad.math.ubc.ca/coursedoc/math102/keshet.notes/chapter5 How to cite Answers to math 230, Essay examples
Thursday, December 5, 2019
Developing Skills in Counselling Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthe
Question: Discuss about the Developing Skills in Counselling. Answer: The present essay is attempting to evaluate numerous definitions of counseling and the fundamental skills to become a trained counselor. More precisely, the discourse has the aim to identify various perspectives and scholarly view regarding the premise of counseling. At the same time, it is the purpose of the paper to see what the five major skills are or abilities that should be possessed by an efficient counselor. The aim of evaluating the above mentioned aspects is required in order to understand whether in the above mentioned counseling session, the fundamental skills of counseling have been applied or not. Finally, the discourse will end up by identifying as well as assessing the particular limitations those the counselor has encountered in time of pursuing the counseling. Therefore, understandably the paper has two major concerns. One is to identify various definitions and chief skills of counseling and the second is to understand whether the skills have been properly applied i n the counseling session or not. In this context, it is to mention that the fundamental aspect of counseling relies on the provision of assistance in a professional level to resolve psychological issues (Moloney, 2016). The word counseling can be defined as a distinct application of mental health and principles of human development with the help of cognitive, systematic and effective intervention strategies to address mental wellness and personal growth. As per Tolan and Cameron (2016), counseling is a distinct way of assisting mentally troubled individuals to resolve various crisis associated with life through personal change, healing grief and developing the personal meaning. On the other hand, according to Meekums et al., (2016), counseling should be defined as a particular act of helping clients who are suffering from psychological complications. Therefore, in other words the definition of counseling can be put as a relationship of trust. Nevertheless, as defined by the Dictionary of counseling, counseling is a distinctly principled relationship that is characterized by the proper application of one or more than one psychological theory and at the same time a recognized set of skills of communic ation, which is modified by experience, various interpersonal factors, problems and the intimate concern of the clients. On the other hand, based on Van Deurzen and Adams (2016), the term counseling should be defined as a particular activity undertaken by the people who agree to occupy the position of a counselor. However, as argued by Fairclough (2016), the proper definition of counseling says that counseling is a service that is sought by people who are in distress and or in a degree of confusion and wish to discuss as well as resolve the issues through a confidential and disciplined relationship. In this respect, it is to mention that the practice of counseling is dealt with wellness, career, and personal growth and at the same time pathological concern. As defined by the BAC (British Association for Counseling), counseling is a principled utilization of a confidential relationship that is to make ease of emotional acceptance, optimal advancement of personal resources and self-knowledge (Lowe, 2016). It has been identified that various time counseling is defined by the aim of providing the opportuni ties to work towards living a more resourceful and satisfying life. However, the most well known definition of counseling is found to be the particular process takes place when a counselor with a mentally troubled individual set aside time for exploring various difficulties, which include stress and numerous emotions. Nevertheless, probably the most interesting percept regarding counseling is the concept that says the aspect of counseling is a wonderful invention of the twentieth-century. Following this particular percept, it can be said that counseling is cultural invention, which aids significant contribution to the standard of the lives of millions of individuals. Nonetheless, in the words of Bayne and Jangha (2016), a simple definition of counseling falls under the well known umbrella phrase of talking therapies, which says that the process of counseling makes a comfortable as well as confidential atmosphere where people can discuss their psychological and personal issues to a trained person. Henceforth, it can be said that there are different p erspectives of different scholars and institution about the predominant definition of counseling (Olsen, 2016). However, it is understandable from the above discussion that counseling is a process of giving mental support to people and sort out their psychological issues. In this context, it is required to mention that there is confusion between the definition of psychotherapy and counseling. According to Klonek et al., (2016), the definition of counseling is supported by the predominant aim of accepting assets as well as limitation in place of pursuing fundamental change in human personality. On the other hand, the definition of psychotherapy is a process of relieving a patient from distressful neurotic symptoms or discordant human characteristics those interfere the individuals satisfactory adaptation of the outside world. As mentioned in the inaugural part of the present discourse, the context is attempting to identify the predominant skills of a trained counselor. According to that, it has been identified that the basic skills that a properly trained and educated counselor should have are the skill of listening, showing empathetic response, ask questions, and make interpretations of them. According to DArcy Jr et al., (2016), the predominant skills, which every skilled counselor is required to possess are listening, attending, taking notes of the answers made by the clients and prior to that ask open-ended questions. However, as argued by McLeod (2016), a skilled counselor should have the ability to show genuine concern as well as positive and unconditional regard to the clients. More precisely, the five basic skills, which are required to be applied by every skilled counselor are empathy, listening and attending, asking open-ended questions and making proper interpretation, making self-disclosure a nd concrete communication (Almeida, 2016). The skill of empathy is to understand experience and situation of others. More precisely, the skill of empathy is to putting oneself into the condition of the others. In other words, it can be said that the role of empathy is to imagine a persons condition in a respectful manner and entering into the private world of another individual without making any judgment. The predominant symptoms of empathetic expression are open-mindedness, true commitment, accepting others opinions and imagination. As per Tolan and Cameron (2016), in order to achieve the proper ability of empathy, a person should have the capability of making verbal and non-verbal attending, making apt paraphrasing of the contents provided by the clients and reflecting upon the feelings of the clients. On the other hand, the skill of listening and attending the client is another major basic skill that is required from every skilled counselor. The skill of giving attention is to align oneself physically with the patient or the client, so the person feels that he/she is getting complete care from the counselor (Ratt et al., 2016). The requirement for applying the skills of attending is encouraging verbalizations, leaning forward, making eye contact and nods. However, the role of listening is to capture as well as perceive both formal and non-verbal communication of the client. Most significantly, in time of counseling an individual, it is a basic requirement to ask relevant open-ended questions related to the clients situation and thereafter to make proper summarization of the answers. The act of making open-ended question is essential for providing the client the opportunity to express thoughts and opinions (Goss, 2016). On the other hand, the notion of taking notes after asking questions is necessary for counselor as it helps in making proper evaluation of the answers to reach to a proper decision or solution. Nevertheless, one skill that most of the time is being overlooked is the skill of being concreteness. More precisely, the skill of concreteness is the ability to keep communications specific and focused on particular facts associated with the concerns. Nevertheless, as per Goss (2016), in terms of applying the ability of concreteness, a person should avoid making generalize comments and abstract discussions. The skill of concreteness demands some f unctions like assisting clients to identify the specific problem, reminding the patients about the tasks those are required to be pursued by them to get rid of a situation and suggesting the clients to clarify facts and feelings. Therefore, it can be said that the skills of listening and making question are related with the skill of concreteness as the accomplishment of the skills rely on the successful application of concreteness (Nadkarni et al., 2017). However, in this respect it is to mention that various times, in form of applying the skill of concrete communication, counselors required to concentrate on emphasizing on the process and the contents taken place in time of the session. The benefit of applying the skill of concreteness helps in elucidating the problem of the clients and at the same time foster the time solving procedure. The skill of making self-disclosure is an ability of an efficient counselor to share personal experiences with the patients, which would be related to the problem or situation of the client. The intention behind applying the skill is to help the client to find a positive way to avoid the consequences of the issue (Tolan Cameron, 2016). It is significant to contemplate in the context that the skill of making self-closure is considered as an advanced counseling skills and most of the time it is regarded as a challenging skill. However, from the above presented transcription, I can say that my way of applying the skill of making self-disclosure has been most satisfactory. It is my fortune that I have successfully applied the advanced counseling skill successfully. The transcription is indicative of the fact that my skill of sharing personal experiences regarding my childhood and adolescent time. I believe the application will prove fruitful in near future. On the other hand, I have understood from the transcription that I have properly showed my ability to listen and attend the patient, as it is evident from the clients expressions. However, according to my understanding and knowledge regarding the basic and advanced skills of counseling, it is unfortunate to mention here that the skill of taking notes and interpreting them properly has not been properly applied. The transcription says that I have efficiently listened to the problems of the student though did not successfully taken notes of the several sign ificant points. However, I believe that my listening ability had been effective as I can see that the student gradually started to feel more confident. On the other hand, it is fortunate to note down that it has been my continuous thrive to make the student comfortable through my expression of empathy. At the same time, most of my questions have been open-ended so that the client has the space to share his though properly. However, it is include at the final section of the discourse is that, there has been certain limitations without which; I believe the session could have been more successful. The first issue, which has bothered my session, is my own incompetence of not taking notes continuously. It is disappointing for a trained counselor like me to encounter an issue like such. Furthermore, I believe there has been the need to talk to Mikes parents though it would have been unethical for me to do so. It is because; I was bound to maintain the confidentiality. However, it has been a continuous issue for me to recommend anything to the client because various times, patients feel that their counselor imposes suggestions upon them. Therefore, I personally think twice before making suggestions for the client. Most significantly, I believe in time of making self disclosure, it has been difficult for me to decide whether my issues and experience should harm the client or not. Moreover, there has been the p ressure to decide how much of my experiences should be shared to the student client. Finally, I need to conclude that instead of the fact that I have started doing the counseling only after getting consent from the guardian, it has been difficult for me to get the permission specifically from the students father. However, instead of all these constraints, I believe my session has gone well. References Almeida, N. (2016). A short introduction to counselling. Bayne, H. B., Jangha, A. (2016). Utilizing Improvisation to Teach Empathy Skills in Counselor Education.Counselor Education and Supervision,55(4), 250-262. DArcy Jr, J. R., Stiles, W. B., Hanley, T. (2016). 2 The Online Calming Effect: Does the Internet Provide a More Comfortable Modality for Conducting Psychotherapy?.THE PSYCHOLOGY OF SOCIAL NETWORKING, 17. Fairclough, S. L. (2016).The effects of the Student Success Skills program on the behavioral and cognitive engagement of grade 5 Exceptional Student Education students(Doctoral dissertation, Florida Atlantic University). Goss, A. (2016).Attitudes of Support Workers in Learning Disability Services towards Counselling Psychology(Doctoral dissertation, City, University of London). Klonek, F. E., Wunderlich, E., Spurk, D., Kauffeld, S. (2016). Motivational interviewing meets career counseling: An observational study of verbal counselor skills and client ambivalence.Journal of Vocational Behavior,94, 28-38. Lowe, C. (2016).Measuring the self-perceived transformational leadership skills of school counselors: A comparison across settings(Doctoral dissertation, UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA). McLeod, J. (2016).Using research in counselling and psychotherapy. Sage. Meekums, B., Macaskie, J., Kapur, T. (2016). Developing skills in counselling and psychotherapy: a scoping review of Interpersonal Process Recall and Reflecting Team methods in initial therapist training.British Journal of Guidance Counselling,44(5), 504-515. Moloney, L. (2016).Defining and delivering effective counselling and psychotherapy. Australian Institute of Family Studies. Nadkarni, A., Weobong, B., Weiss, H. A., McCambridge, J., Bhat, B., Katti, B., Wilson, G. T. (2017). Counselling for Alcohol Problems (CAP), a lay counsellor-delivered brief psychological treatment for harmful drinking in men, in primary care in India: a randomised controlled trial.The Lancet,389(10065), 186-195. Olsen, J. A. (2016).An examination of factors that relate to school counselors' knowledge and skills of multi-tiered systems of support(Doctoral dissertation, THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT CHARLOTTE). Ratt, J., Dubois, A., Caouette, L., Roussin, C., Goyer, L. (2016). A Haven for Suffering: Second Experiential Cooperative Research Study on the Foundations of Counselling and Psychotherapy.Canadian Journal of Counselling and Psychotherapy/Revue canadienne de counseling et de psychothrapie,50(3s). Tolan, J., Cameron, R. (2016).Skills in Person-centred counselling psychotherapy. Sage. Tolan, J., Cameron, R. (2016).Skills in Person-centred counselling psychotherapy. Sage. Van Deurzen, E., Adams, M. (2016).Skills in existential counselling psychotherapy. Sage.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)